Errors
What we classify as an error, which is associated with learner competence, may actually be a mistake, or more specifically in an EAP context, a "derailment" related to learner performance. – Shaughnessy M, Errors and Expectation, 1977.
There are many definitions of 'error'. The concept itself is rather fuzzy. You will find quite a few definitions of 'error' in TheFreeDictionary.com.
Common Errors in English
Language errors are deviations from standard rules of grammar. They fall into two basic categories, written and spoken. In addition, they include cross-cultural misunderstandings related to body language (mimics, gestures and posture), linguistic pragmatics, etiquette and ethics.
Written errors usually include spelling, word choice, punctuation, style, structure of text and grammatical forms. Spoken errors usually include pronunciation, intonation, stress and rhythm.
In language teaching error analysis studies the types and causes of language errors. Errors are classified according to modality (i.e. level of proficiency in speaking, writing, reading, listening), linguistic levels (i.e. pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, style), form (e.g. omission, insertion, substitution), type (systematic errors/errors in competence vs. occasional errors/errors in performance), cause (e.g. interference, interlanguage), norm vs. system [retrieved from Wikipedia - the Free Encyclopaedia, http:/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_analysis].
Online Resources
Basturkmen, H., & Lewis, M. (2002). Learner errors in written compositions: A study of a Malaysian learner corpus. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 3(4), 232-241.
Brians, P. (2003). Common errors in English usage. William, James & Company.
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
Burt, M. K., & Kiparsky, C. (1972). The gooficon: A repair manual for English. Newbury House.
Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 5(4), 161-170.
Corder, S. P. (1973). Introducing applied linguistics. Penguin Books.
Dulay, H., & Burt, M. (1974). Errors and strategies in child second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 8(2), 129-136.
Dulay, H., Burt, M., & Krashen, S. (1982). Language two. Oxford University Press.
Edge, J. (1989). Mistakes and correction. Longman.
Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
Ellis, R. (1997). Second language acquisition. Oxford University Press.
James, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use: Exploring error analysis. Longman.
Keshavarz, M. H. (2012). Contrastive analysis and error analysis. Rahnama Press.
Lennon, P. (1991). Error: Some problems of definition, identification, and distinction. Applied Linguistics, 12(2), 180-196.
Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2013). How languages are learned (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.Norrish, J. (1983). Language learners and their errors. Macmillan.
Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2002). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics (3rd ed.). Longman.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 10(3), 209-231.
Shachter, J. (1974). An error in error analysis. Language Learning, 24(2), 205-214.
Sridhar, S. N. (1980). Contrastive analysis, error analysis, and interlanguage: Three phases of one goal. In J. Fisiak (Ed.), Contrastive linguistics and the language teacher (pp. 207-242). Pergamon Press.
Taylor, B. P. (1975). The use of overgeneralization and transfer learning strategies by elementary and intermediate students of ESL. Language Learning, 25(1), 73-107.
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